To celebrate the Feast of Saint Patrick below is a homily for the occasion delivered by Irish Augustinian Father William Gahan (1732-1804). At the time of his death Catholic Emancipation was still a quarter of a century away, so it is no surprise to see the emphasis on Saint Patrick as someone who bore suffering with resignation. The main theme of the homily is the necessity to hold fast to the original teachings of the Catholic faith and to reject other 'various, strange doctrines'. Father Gahan ends with a warning of the dangers of 'the odious and destructive vice of drunkenness' and his approach to the celebration of the feast of Saint Patrick is an entirely spiritual one, with an emphasis on prayer, repentance and temperance. Beannachtaí na Féile Pádraig oraibh!
Remember your Prelates who have spoken to you the Word of God — whose faith follow — and be not led away by various and strange doctrines.
Heb. c. xiii. v. 7, v 9.
WHEN the Almighty singles out men to be the extraordinary messengers of his councils, oracles of his wisdom, instruments of his grace and channels of his boundless mercies, he
confers on them those wonderful gifts, talents and virtues, that
are requisite to qualify them for the execution of his orders,
and for the accomplishment of the grand designs of his all-ruling providence. Thus he qualified Moses, Aaron and the
Prophets in the old Law, and the twelve Apostles in the new
Law, for the solemn embassy and the heavenly commission on
which he was pleased to send them. He invested them with
every power they stood in need of, in order to discharge the
duties of their ministry with success; he communicated to
them all the eminent gifts and talents that were necessary, to
enable them to encounter the difficulties and surmount all the
obstacles which stood in their way, and which attended the
due execution of the high commission they were charged with.
Among many other renowned characters and remarkable instances of this truth, we may justly rank St. Patrick, the glorious
Apostle and Patron of Ireland, whose feast the Church solemnizes this day, and honours with the privilege of a plenary
indulgence, extended to the faithful of the whole kingdom on
every day of the ensuing octave. When the Lord in his great
goodness singled him out, for the grand work of the conversion of this remote corner of the then known world to the
Christian and Catholic religion, when he sent him as an instrument of his divine mercy to announce the mystery of the
cross to our ancestors, and to enlighten a people, who, as the
Scripture phrase expresses it, were sitting in darkness and in
the gloomy shades of death, he qualified him in every respect
for the arduous enterprise, and made him at once a most zealous Apostle and an illustrious Saint, that he might diffuse the
light of the Gospel all over this island by his indefatigable zeal,
and establish the spirit of the Gospel by his eminent sanctity. It is under these two considerations that I intend to represent
St. Patrick to you at present, as a precious vessel of election
and model of Christian perfection. He rooted up infidelity,
and planted catholicity in this country; he banished vice and
immorality, and promoted the practice of true piety and solid
virtue both by his word and example. Behold the plan of the
following discourse and the subject of your favourable attention. Let us previously invoke the aid of the Holy Ghost,
through the intercession of the blessed Virgin, greeting her
with the words of the Angel, &c. Ave Maria.
The Scripture informs us, that the Saviour of the world retired into a desert, and prepared himself by prayer, and by a rigorous fast of forty days and forty nights, before he entered upon
his mission of preaching the Gospel and reclaiming sinners
from their evil ways. In like manner, the most authentic histories of St. Patrick's life informs us, that this faithful disciple
and follower of Christ our Lord, spent several years in preparing himself by fasting and praying, before he entered upon the
sacred functions of the apostolic ministry. That he might
preach the Gospel with fruit to others, and draw their souls
more effectually to the love and service of God, he first began
to preach to himself, to regulate his interior, to cultivate the
vineyard of his own soul, and to treasure up lessons of solid
piety and true virtue in his mind. Such was the delicacy and
tenderness of his conscience, that he accuses himself in his
own writings, which are called his Confession, that he was
rather tardy and remiss in not having begun at an earlier period
to love the Lord his God above all things, and with his whole
heart, from the very first instant that the use of reason rendered him capable of paying his Creator this tribute, which is
so justly due to his Sovereign Majesty on a thousand titles.
Hence he tells us, that he could not refrain from weeping for
his past neglect, whenever he recollected that his heart had
been, even for a single moment, insensible and void of divine
love. Herein our saint imitated the piety of the penitent Augustine, who thought that he could never sufficiently bewail
and regret every day, every hour, every minute of his past
life, which had not been filled up with acts of divine love, and
who, in order to clear off the long arrears of love, which, on
account of his former neglect, appeared to be still due by him,
made it his constant study, ever after, to redouble his love for
God all the days of his life, and laboured with indefatigable
zeal to kindle flames of divine love in the heart of every Christian, crying out for this reason in the fervour of his soul, O
Beauty, ever ancient, and ever new! O Sovereign Good! O
inexhaustible Source of all Sweetness and Perfection! Too
late, too late, alas! have I begun to love thee. O that I
could begin my course over again, that every moment of my
life might be filled with tokens and proofs of my love for thee,
my God and my All! Behold here an excellent lesson of edification for all, both young and old. Learn, my brethren,
from your glorious patron St. Patrick, that the great precept
of charity begins to bind you all at an earlier period than perhaps you imagine. Beware of misplacing your affections on the empty bubbles and painted toys of this transitory life.
Look up to Heaven, your native country and happy inheritance, which your dear Redeemer has purchased for you with
bis precious blood; let your hearts be where God your treasure
is, and where he shews his glorious and beautiful Majesty to
the Angels, and Saints. Begin from this instant, if you have
not already begun, to love him above all things, not by word
of mouth only; but in reality and truth from the very bottom
of your hearts and souls, and endeavour to increase every day
in this divine virtue, which is to be the crown, the joy and
the happiness of the blessed for a never ending eternity. But
to return to St. Patrick. Whilst he was, on a certain day,
in the sixteenth year of his age, putting up his fervent prayers
to Heaven in a retired place, situated near the borders of the
sea, be was surprised by a set of barbarian pirates, who then
infested the British coasts, and was suddenly carried off from
his family and native country, and brought captive into Ireland,
the very land which he was afterwards to deliver from the darkness of infidelity, and from the dismal captivity of Satan.
Admire here, my brethren, the wonderful ways of divine
Providence! We read in the book of Genesis, that the Patriarch Joseph, by a disposition of Providence, was carried off
in his youthful days from his native country, and sold as a slave
in Egypt, that he might be the means of relieving the Egyptians afterwards in the hour of distress, and supplying both
them and his own father's household with the necessaries of life, during the continuance of a dreadful famine that raged over that land for the space of seven years. By a similar disposition of the same divine Providence, about the decline of
the fourth century, the virtuous and pious youth Patrick was
stolen away from his parents, carried off and sold as a common
slave to a petty prince in the county of Antrim that by being
inured to hardships, and by being well acquainted with the
language and manners of the natives of Ireland, he might be
fetter qualified to undertake the great work of their conversion at a future period, and become the happy means of supplying both them and the Churches of his own native country
with a sufficient number of zealous clergymen and able missionaries, who would break the heavenly bread of the word of
God to the little ones, and nourish their souls with the food
of eternal life in the day of their spiritual famine and distress.
Thus it happened that Patrick, whom Heaven had destined
to become one day a great pastor of souls in this island, was
previously employed in the low and painful servitude of feeding cattle on mountains, and in forests, where he was for a considerable time constantly exposed to the inclemency of the
weather, and to all the rigours of poverty, hunger, and nakedness. Far, however, from repining at his despicable situation,
far from murmuring, or complaining of the dispensations of
Providence, far from flying in the face of God, as numbers of
the distressed and suffering poor of our times unhappily do,
whereby they not only lose the merit and reward of their trials
find afflictions, but likewise expose themselves to the manifest
danger of becoming slaves to Satan hereafter in hell, after
having been drudges and slaves to sin in this world, Patrick, I
say, far from pursuing so criminal a line of conduct, made a
virtue of necessity, and carried his cross, and bore his severe
trials with patience and resignation, for the love of his blessed
Redeemer, Jesus Christ. His sufferings of course were to him
a source of heavenly benedictions, and served only to furnish
him with daily opportunities of practising the virtues of humility, meekness, obedience and submission to the holy will of
God. Whilst he thus discharged every exterior duty belonging
to his state with cheerfulness, and attended the cattle of his
earthly master with the vigilance, assiduity and activity of a faithful servant, his conversation was mostly in Heaven, for
he united contemplation with action, and in the midst of his
daily employments he took care to elevate his heart frequently
to God, by pious aspirations, and short, but devout and fervent prayers. It is related in his life, that he was accustomed
to adore God on his bended knees no less than an hundred
times in the day and in the night, by which means the love of
God continually inflamed his tender heart more and more, and
acquired every day new strength in his affectionate soul. It
were to be wished, my brethren, that this pious method of attending constantly to the divine presence in the course of the
day, and raising up the heart often to God, by some ejaculatory
prayer, whilst the hands are employed at daily labour, were
more generally adopted by all laborious and industrious Christians in the midst of their ordinary occupations and temporal
actions. It is highly recommended by the Saints, and was
one of the principal exercises whereby they gradually arrived
at the height of perfection. St. Francis of Sales advises us to
cast ourselves, in spirit, at the feet of Jesus, like Mary Magdalen, and to give our souls to God a thousand times in the
day. To breathe forth some pious ejaculations now and then
costs no great trouble, nor does it require much time, or interrupt our external duties; it is short and easy, and does not
distract or fatigue the mind; a little practice would render it
familiar and habitual, and it has this peculiar advantage, that it
can be practised at all times, and on all occasions, without
being exposed to the danger of vainglory, as it may be secretly performed in the closet of the heart.
We have already heard what signal advantages St. Patrick
derived from fervent and frequent ejaculations of this kind. No sooner was he released from his bondage but the designs
of Providence began to be brought about; for he felt the
strongest impressions from Heaven to set about the glorious
work of converting the Irish nation without any further delay.
Any other motive than the greater honour and glory of God,
could never have induced him to undertake so arduous an
enterprise, and so difficult a work as the general conversion of
an entire nation, where vice was authorized by practice, and
impiety strengthened by custom. Palladius, indeed, had preceded him, and was the first who formed the plan of converting
this nation to Christianity; but having met with violent, opposition, he converted but few, and departed in a short time.
The general conversion of Ireland was reserved for St. Patrick,
who having travelled into Gaul and Italy for the purpose of
acquiring a competent stock of sacred learning, chiefly under
the tuition of his uncle, St. Martin, the renowned Bishop of
Tours, was promoted to holy orders, and received his episcopal
consecration and lawful mission from the successor of St. Peter
the Apostle, Pope Celestine, in the year of our Lord 431. He
did not intrude himself into the ministry without a true vocation. He did not presume to exercise the sacred functions of
the priesthood without being regularly ordained. He did not
attempt of his own accord, to dogmatize or turn preacher and
teacher without a proper mission, like unto the false prophets
in the old Law, who as the Scripture complains, came without
being sent, or like unto the new gospellers, and fanatics of
these latter ages, who are called by our Saviour
wolves in the
clothing of sheep, and who force themselves into the sheepfold
without any mission, either
extraordinary from God, like that
of the Apostles mentioned in c. xvi. of St. Mark, v. 15, or
ordinary from the pastors of the Church, by the imposition of
hands, like that spoken of in c. xiv. of the Acts, and x Tim.
c. v. v. 22. and 2 Tim. c. i. v. 6. No, my brethren, St. Patrick
came to this part of the world duly called, sent and authorized
to preach the ancient faith, originally taught by the Apostles,
to plant the catholic religion, and to open the fountains of salvation, grace, and mercy to sinners. No sooner did he land
at Wicklow, with about twenty fellow labourers, and zealous
assistants, but he began to weed, to plant, to water and cultivate the new vineyard of Christ. But how did he compleat
his design? He placed his confidence in God, and as he was a
man of piety, recollection and prayer, he possessed the art of
converting sinners, of softening their hearts, of subduing all
the powers of their souls, and of infusing more virtue into them
than a more learned man, with all his empty science, and pompous oratory would be able to do; for though a man of extensive knowledge, may argue, convince, and charm others with
his eloquence, yet if the spirit of piety be extinguished in his
heart, he is no better than a sounding trumpet, though, as St.
Paul expresses it, he should speak the language of men and angels. These maxims were the plan of St. Patrick's conduct,
and by these means he had the happiness to gain over innumerable proselytes. He appeared with undaunted courage at the
general assembly of the Kings and states of Ireland, which was
held every year at Tarah, the residence of the chief King, who
was stiled the Monarch of the whole nation. Here our saint
met a great number of the Druids, or Heathen priests, and confounded and converted many of them. The shining virtues of
his exemplary life were more powerful and more persuasive
arguments, than the most elegant discourses. It would be an
endless task to enumerate all the labours and fatigues he underwent, in the course of sixty-one years, for the glory of God,
and the salvation of souls. He travelled through all the provinces of Ireland, rooting up vice, and planting virtue wherever
he went. Like another Elias,
he burnt with zeal for the Lord
God of Hosts, 3 Kings, c. xix. v. 10. so that he might truly
say with the royal Prophet, ps. lxviii.
The zeal of thy house
has eaten me up, and has made me pine away. Nothing gave
him more pain than to see the great God offended; nothing
gave him more pleasure than to see him loved, praised and
adored. He bewailed the gross errors of idolatry and superstition in which he found thousands of the inhabitants of this
country enveloped at the time of his arrival; but glory be to
God, his sorrow was soon changed into inexpressible joy. The
most obdurate hearts were mollified by his instructions; the
greatest sinners cast themselves at his feet, and began to deplore their past crimes with tears of bitterness, and numberless
multitudes cried out for Baptism, and embraced the Roman
Catholic and Apostolic faith. In short, he dispersed the darkness
of infidelity by the brilliant rays of his sanctity, and by the ardour
of zeal and piety he made truth and virtue triump over error
and immorality. It is recorded of him that he founded above
three hundred churches, ordained near three thousand priests,
consecrated a great number of bishops, and established seven
hundred religious houses, wherein thousands of the faithful
devoted themselves entirely to the divine service, and aspired
to the summit of Christian perfection by a regular observance
of the three evangelical counsels, insomuch that this islands was
deservedly stiled the
Island of Saints, when St. Patrick finished
his glorious career in the hundred and twentieth year of his
age and in the four hundred and ninety-third year of our Lord.
Nay, during the three succeeding centuries, whilst the greater
part of Europe was overspread with inundations of pagan
Goths and Vandals, this island was deemed a nursery of piety,
a school of virtue, a seminary of learning, and abounded with
a long train of illustrious saints, who derived the streams of
their sanctity from their great Apostle St. Patrick, and illumined several parts of the, continent with the light of the
Gospel and the splendor of their virtues. It is true, indeed, that
in the ninth century Ireland was in its turn infested by successive swarms of heathen barbarians, who made it feel the grievances
that followed the invasion of the sanctuary, and the demolition
of the Roman empire in other countries; but notwithstanding
all the various revolutions of nature, the self-same holy Catholic religion, which was planted here by St. Patrick above thirteen hundred years ago, and which was uniformly professed by
our pious ancestors ever since, has been carefully transmitted
down to us, whole and entire, unchanged and uncorrupted,
and is still professed here to this very day in its primitive
purity.
Are we not, then, my brethren, highly indebted to the
goodness of God for having, in his great mercy, called our
ancestors from the darkness of infidelity to the wonderful light
of faith, by the ministry of St. Patrick, and for having extended the same heavenly gift to us by the ministry of his successors and descendants, in preference to so many thousands,
in other countries, from whom the true faith of Christ has been
withdrawn by a just judgment, and transplanted elsewhere.
Have we not reason to thank, praise and glorify the holy name
of the Lord for this particular blessing, this singular favour,
this special protection, and visible interference of his divine
providence? Should we not, as the Apostle recommends in
the words of my text,
gratefully remember our prelates, who
have spoken the word of God to us? Should we not be
steadfast
in following their faiths and
taking care not to be led away by,
various and strange doctrines? Should we not be armed against
all novelty in religion, and guard against the baneful influence of those dangerous principles which the new philosophers and
unbelievers of this age are spreading in these and other neighbouring countries?
Remove not the ancient landmark, which
your fathers have set, says the Holy Ghost, Prov. xxii.
Stand
in the ways and see, and ask for the old paths, where is the good
way, and walk therein, and ye shall find rest for your souls,
Jerem. c. vi. v. 16.
Ask thy father and he will shew thee, thy
elders and they will tell thee, Deut. xxxii.
for there is a way that
seems to a man to be right, but its end leads to death and perdition, Prov. c. xiv. v. 12. ; and again, Christ cautions us in the
Gospel, to
beware of false prophets who make their appearance in
the clothing of sheep, but inwardly are ravenous wolves, that
come, not to feed, but only to fleece and destroy the flock ;
nay, St. Paul does not hesitate to say, Galat. c. 1. v. 8. that
although an Angel should descend from Heaven to preach up
any new doctrine contrary to the ancient faith once delivered
to the saints, we ought to look upon him as an anathema.
Away, then with those irreligious discourses, pernicious
maxims, unchristian ideas, unsanctified notions and noxious tares, which the enemy is endeavouring to sow over the good
seed. Let us live up to the dictates and duties of our holy religion, and shew the purity of our faith by the purity of our
morals, and by a strict observance of the commandments of God and his Church. Let us not forget the example of our
holy Patron, but endeavour to render ourselves worthy of his
patronage and intercession, by an imitation of his humility,
charity, piety and zeal. Let us enter into the spirit of this
holy quarantine, and go through it in a manner becoming good
Christians and Catholics. Let us not pervert those days of
grace and salvation into days of wrath and perdition. Let us
not resemble pagans and bacchanalians in the celebration of
our festivals, by criminal excesses and intemperance in drinking. Nothing is more opposite to the spirit of the Gospel, and
to the sanctity of this present season and time of mercy, than
the odious and destructive vice of drunkenness, by which this
day in particular, above all days in the year, is most shamefully
profaned. There is no vice that debases or degrades man more from the honour of human nature, or that reduces him nearer
to the low rank, condition and similitude of the beasts of the field. It robs him of his reason, which is the greatest prero-
gative of man, and the most excellent of the gifts of nature.
It besots his spirits, clouds his understanding, confuses his
judgment, and stupifies his mind in such a manner as not to be
able to make one serious reflection, or to distinguish a plain
from a precipice, or a friend from an enemy. It renders him
a reproach to religion, a disgrace to Christianity, unfit for
every spiritual duty, and fit for nothing but for the drudgery of
Satan. It should, therefore, be carefully avoided at all times
as a brutish vice, but more particularly at present, when the
Gospel is crying out loudly to us
to watch and pray, to live soberly,
justly and quietly, to crucify the flesh with its lusts, to exhibit our
bodies, an immaculate and pleasing host to the Lord, and to look
well to ourselves, lest perhaps our hearts be overcharged with
surfeiting and drunkenness. Luke, c. xxi. O merciful Jesus,
grant us all the grace of a true conversion. Open the eyes of
those who are blindly straying away from the path of salvation,
and conduct them into the right way that leads to life everlasting. Grant to the just the great gift of final perseverance,
that being rescued from the dangers of this sinful Babylon, they
may see and enjoy thee for a never-ending eternity, in the
sacred mansions of heavenly Jerusalem. Which is the felicity
that I wish ye all, in the name of the Father, and of the Son,
and of the Holy Ghost. Amen.
Rev. W. Gahan O.S.A., Sermons and Moral Discourses, Volume I (Dublin, 1825), 198-205.
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AND Saint Patrick, having sailed over from Ulidia, came unto the territory of Midia, at the mouth of the river Boinn, among barbarians and idolaters; and he committed his vessel and its tackle unto his nephew, Saint Lumanus, enjoining him that he should abide there at the least forty days, the while he himself would go forward to preach in the interior parts of the country. But Lumanus, abiding there the messenger of light, and being made obedient through the hope of obtaining martyrdom, doubled the space of time that was enjoined unto him, which no one of his companions, even through the fear of their lives, dared to do. Yet was not this child of obedience disappointed of his reward. For while he received the seed of obedience, he brought forth unto himself the fruit of patience, and deserved to fertilize strange lands, even with the seed of the divine Word, to the flourishing of the flowers of faith and the fruits of justice; and the more devotedly he obeyed his spiritual father, the more marvellously did the elements obey him. And having fulfilled there twice forty days, and being wearied with the continual expectation of the saint's return, on a certain day, the wind blowing strongly against him, he hoisted the sails, and, trusting in the merits of Saint Patrick, even by the guidance of the vessel alone passed he over unto the place where he was appointed to meet him. O miracle till then unheard and unknown! The ship, without any pilot, sailed against the wind and against the stream, at the bidding of the man of God, and bore him with a prosperous course from the mouth of the Boinn even to Athtrym; and He who formerly turned back the stream of Jordan unto its fountain did, for the merits of Patrick, guide the vessel against the wind and against the stream.
